• A bachelor's degree or in Quebec, completion of a college program and one year of pre-medicine university studies is usually required.
  
• Graduation from an approved medical school is required.
  
• Four to five years of specialty residency training are required.
  
• Two years of subspecialty training may also be required.
  
• Completion of the certifying examinations of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada and licensing by the provincial or territorial licensing authority are required.

Doctorate

Time management
Mathematical skills
Interpersonal skills
Problem-solving
Adaptability
Critical thinking
Communication